Raw Milk

  • Tee, R.T., R.L. Evanowski, H.E. Greebaum, D.A. Pawloski, M. Wiedmann, and N.H. Martin. 2024. Troubleshooting high laboratory pasteurization counts in organic raw milk requires characterization of dominant thermoduric bacteria, which includes non-sporeformers as well as sporeformers. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2023-24330
  • Shi, X., C. Qian, S.I. Murphy, M. Wiedmann, and N.H. Martin. 2023. Butyric acid-producing bacterial spore levels in conventional raw milk vary by farm. J. Dairy. Sci. 4:1-4. https://doi.org/10.3168/jdsc.2022-0252
  • Martin, N.H., R.L. Evanowski, and M. Wiedmann. 2023. Invited review: Redefining raw milk quality—Evaluation of raw milk microbiological parameters to ensure high-quality processed dairy products. J. Dairy. Sci. 106:1502-1517. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2022-22416
  • Evanowski, R.L., S.I. Murphy, M. Wiedmann, and N.H. Martin. 2023. Low-cost, on-farm intervention to reduce spores in bulk tank raw milk benefits producers, processors, and consumers. J. Dairy. Sci. 106:1687-1694. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2022-22372.
  • Evanowski, R.L., D.J. Kent, M. Wiedmann, and N.H. Martin. 2020. Milking time hygiene interventions on dairy farms reduce spore counts in raw milk. J. Dairy Sci. 103:4088–4099. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2019-17499.
  • Martin, N. H., D. J. Kent, R. L. Evanowski, T. J. Zuber Hrobuchak, and M. Wiedmann. 2019. Bacterial spore levels in bulk tank raw milk are influenced by environmental and cow hygiene factors. J. Dairy Sci. 102(11):9689-9701. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2019-16304.
  • Murphy, S. I., D. Kent, N. H. Martin, R. L. Evanowski, K. Patel, S. M. Godden, and M. Wiedmann. 2019. Bedding and bedding management practices are associated with mesophilic and thermophilic spore levels in bulk tank raw milk. J. Dairy Sci. 102(8):6885-6900. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2018-16022.
  • Boor, K. J., M. Wiedmann, S. Murphy, and S. Alcaine. 2017. A 100-year review: Microbiology and safety of milk handling. J. Dairy Sci. 100(12):9933-9951. http://dx.doi.org/10.3168/jds.2017-12969.
  • Murphy, S. C., N. H. Martin, D. M. Barbano, and M. Wiedmann. 2016. Influence of raw milk quality on processed dairy products: How do raw milk quality test results relate to product quality and yield? J. Dairy Sci. 99(12):10128-10149. http://dx.doi.org/10.3168/jds.2016-11172.
  • Andrus, A. D., B. Campbell, K. J. Boor, M. Wiedmann, and N. H. Martin. 2015. Short communication: Postpasteurization hold temperatures of 4 or 6 c, but not raw milk holding of 24 or 72 hours, affect bacterial outgrowth in pasteurized fluid milk. J. Dairy Sci. 98(11):7640-7643. http://dx.doi.org/10.3168/jds.2015-9531.
  • Miller, R. A., D. J. Kent, K. J. Boor, N. H. Martin, and M. Wiedmann. 2015a. Different management practices are associated with mesophilic and thermophilic spore levels in bulk tank raw milk. J. Dairy Sci. 98(7):4338-4351. http://dx.doi.org/10.3168/jds.2015-9406.
  • Miller, R. A., D. J. Kent, M. J. Watterson, K. J. Boor, N. H. Martin, and M. Wiedmann. 2015b. Spore populations among bulk tank raw milk and dairy powders are significantly different. J. Dairy Sci. 98(12):8492-8504. http://dx.doi.org/10.3168/jds.2015-9943.
  • Martin, N. H., A. Friedlander, A. Mok, D. Kent, M. Wiedmann, and K. J. Boor. 2014. Peroxide test strips detect added hydrogen peroxide in raw milk at levels affecting bacterial load. J. Food Prot. 77(10):1809-1813. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028X.JFP-14-074.
  • Ranieri, M. L., R. A. Ivy, W. R. Mitchell, E. Call, S. N. Masiello, M. Wiedmann, and K. J. Boor. 2012. Real-time PCR detection of Paenibacillus spp. in raw milk to predict shelf life performance of pasteurized fluid milk products. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 78(16):5855-5863. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.01361-12.
  • Martin, N. H., M. L. Ranieri, S. C. Murphy, R. D. Ralyea, M. Wiedmann, and K. J. Boor. 2011. Results from raw milk microbiological tests do not predict the shelf-life performance of commercially pasteurized fluid milk. J. Dairy Sci. 94(3):1211-1222. http://dx.doi.org/10.3168/jds.2010-3915.
  • Latorre, A. A., J. S. Van Kessel, J. S. Karns, M. J. Zurakowski, A. K. Pradhan, K. J. Boor, B. M. Jayarao, B. A. Houser, C. S. Daugherty, and Y. H. Schukken. 2010. Biofilm in milking equipment on a dairy farm as a potential source of bulk tank milk contamination with Listeria monocytogenes. J. Dairy Sci. 93(6):2792-2802. http://dx.doi.org/10.3168/jds.2009-2717.
  • Oliver, S. P., K. J. Boor, S. C. Murphy, and S. E. Murinda. 2009. Food safety hazards associated with consumption of raw milk. Foodborne Pathogens and Disease 6(7):793-806. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/fpd.2009.0302.
  • Kaylegian, K. E., R. Moag, D. M. Galton, and K. J. Boor. 2008. Raw milk consumption beliefs and practices among New York State dairy producers. Food Prot. Trends 28(3):184-191.
  • Riner, R., L. Sinack, S. Gillette, T. Graham, L. Maturin, and S. Murphy. 2007. Evaluation of an in-line sampling system for the collection of raw milk samples for official testing under the grade "A" milk program. Food Prot. Trends 27(4):232-237.
  • Zadoks, R. N., L. L. Tikofsky, and K. J. Boor. 2005. Ribotyping of Streptococcus uberis from a dairy's environment, bovine feces and milk. Vet. Microbiol. 109(3):257-265. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetmic.2005.05.008.
  • Zadoks, R. N., R. N. Gonzalez, K. J. Boor, and Y. H. Schukken. 2004. Mastitis-causing streptococci are important contributors to bacterial counts in raw bulk tank milk. J. Food Prot. 67(12):2644-2650. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028X-67.12.2644.
  • Hayes, M. C., R. D. Ralyea, S. C. Murphy, N. R. Carey, J. M. Scarlett, and K. J. Boor. 2001. Identification and characterization of elevated microbial counts in bulk tank raw milk. J. Dairy Sci. 84(1):292-298. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(01)74479-7.
  • Murphy, S. C. and K. J. Boor. 2000. Trouble-shooting sources and causes of high bacteria counts in raw milk. Dairy, Food and Environmental Sanitation 20(8):606-611.
  • Boor, K. J., D. P. Brown, S. C. Murphy, S. M. Kozlowski, and D. K. Bandler. 1998. Microbiological and chemical quality of raw milk in New York State. J. Dairy Sci. 81(6):1743-1748. http://dx.doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(98)75742-X.