The Finger Lakes, Great Lakes, and upper Susquehanna River basin have seen the introduction of numerous non- native aquatic species, through spread by ballast water, canals, recreational equipment, and in some cases intentional introductions. This spread can pose a threat to native ecosystems. While there are numerous aquatic invasive species management activities being conducted by multiple agencies and special interest groups within Central New York, the Region 7 Aquatic Invasive Species Program was initiated in 2022 to increase capacity for similar efforts in inland waterways within the Great Lakes and Upper Susquehanna River watershed, as well as provide additional support for ongoing management projects throughout Central New York.
Cayuga Lake Hydrilla
Cayuga Lake is New York States longest Finger Lake at 38.9 miles long, and 3.5 miles across at its widest point, with a total surface area of approximately 66 sq miles. Hydrilla, a federally listed noxious weed was first discovered in 2011 in the southern inlet of Cayuga Lake, in Ithaca NY. Because of Cayuga Lakes hydrological connection to the rest of New York through the NYS Canal System, it is important to manage hydrilla to prevent spread throughout the state.
Hydrilla can grow in dense mats that can displace native vegetation, decrease the amount of dissolved oxygen in the water, and impede recreation.
Hydrilla has been detected in other parts of the Cayuga Lake, including, the Wells College Boat house (Aurora NY) (2016), a private marina in Lansing NY, Myers Park (2019), Sheldrake Point (2022) and at a marina in Kings Ferry, NY (2018). In response to the increase in Hydrilla detections, local stakeholders and government agencies partnered together to create the “Cayuga Lake Hydrilla Management Plan 2021-2026”. This plan relies heavily on adaptive management to address new detections and outlines strategies for monitoring, management, and education and outreach. The plan allows for agencies and stakeholders involved to remain flexible and adjust plans as needed to address changes in priorities.
Hydrilla is currently actively managed in six defined sites across Cayuga Lake:
Aurora, NY: North Aurora, South Aurora, and Long Point State Park Area
Lansing, NY: Ladoga Bay and surrounding marinas
Ithaca, NY: Cayuga Inlet
Ovid, NY: Sheldrake Area
Hydrilla Management in Cayuga Lake
The Herbicide used to control hydrilla, Sonar H4C, has an active ingredient of fluridone, which is a selective systemic herbicide. Fluridone is taken up by the roots of aquatic vegetation and then travels to other parts of the plant. The herbicide acts by inhibiting photosynthesis, causing effected plants to turn white (chlorosis) and eventually die. For Sonar H4C to be fully effective, low concentrations of the herbicide must be maintained over an extended period of time, typically 30-90 days. Low dose applications are performed once a week over a period of 10 weeks to maintain the target concentrations.
Harpoon Granular (active ingredient copper), is also utilized in Hydrilla management. Copper is typically applied as a one time “spot treatment”. Managers utilize copper in locations where Sonar treatments may not have the desired level of efficacy. Harpoon granular is typically applied in mid to late August.
Water testing for fluridone concentrations occurs 24-48 hours after each application. Results are typically received 4-5 days after the sample has been delivered to the lab. Water test results can be found under the weekly sampling reports section at the respective County health department websites.
In addition to managing hydrilla in Cayuga Lake, the Region 7 AIS Team monitors other high priority locations in Cayuga Lake for hydrilla and other aquatic invasive species. These locations include public and private boat launches, marinas, and other high traffic areas.
Control Locations
North Aurora
Sonar will be applied once a week for a period of 10-weeks. Harpoon Granular will be applied as a spot treatment in the Great Gully Bay and isolated hydrilla detections.
South Aurora
The South Aurora Management area spans 141.5 acres. Sonar H4C will be applied once a week for a period of 10-weeks. Harpoon Granular will only be applied as a spot treatment to isolated hydrilla detections.
South Long Point
The Long Point area will be controlled with Harpoon Granular spot treatments. There are 11.9 acres of planned applications with the potential for additional spot treatments as needed based on monitoring results.
Lansing
Hydrilla control in the Lansing area covers 42.7 acres. This includes the Myers Park Marina, a portion of Lansing Harbor and Ladoga Bay. Sonar will be applied once a week for a period of 10-weeks. Harpoon Granular will be applied as a spot treatment as needed. Exact locations will be determined based on mid-season monitoring.
Sheldrake
The Sheldrake area will be controlled with Harpoon Granular spot treatments.