Disposal of Avian Influenza Affected Birds
Potential routes of exposure of the avian influenza virus are through inhalation, skin and eye contact, and ingestion.
Since the virus is excreted in the droppings of infected birds and in their respiratory secretions, in an agricultural setting, animal manure and secretions containing the virus can contaminate dust and soil, causing infection when inhaled. The virus can be carried on the bodies and feet of animals as well as humans, thus direct contact with saliva, nasal secretions or feces from infected birds or contaminated surfaces can cause contamination. Hand to mouth or hand to nose transfer is assumed to be a potential route of exposure as well. Therefore, it is recommended that the following PPE be worn by all of those involved in culling/depopulation and composting of birds and litter from an Al outbreak:
- Hand protection: impermeable gloves (nitrile or vinyl disposable gloves, or heavy-duty 18-mil rubber gloves that can be disinfected).
- Body protection: disposable outer clothing or coveralls with an impermeable apron. Light clothing will prevent heat stress.
- Head protection: disposable head cover or hair cover.
- Foot protection: disposable shoe covers or rubber or polyethylene boots that can be reused after disinfection.
- Eye protection: safety goggles or a respirator with a full face-piece, hood, helmet or loose fitting face-piece.
- Respiratory protection: National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)- approved disposable respirator (N-95, N-99 or N-100) or NIOSH-approved reusable particulate respirator, properly fit-checked and sealed.
- For employees who are unable to wear a disposable particulate respirator because of facial hair or other fit limitations, they can wear a loose-fitting helmeted or hooded powered air purifying respirator (PAPR) with high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filters.