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CALSify your holidays

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  • Cornell AgriTech
  • Cornell University Agricultural Experiment Station
  • Food Science
  • School of Integrative Plant Science
  • Food
  • Health + Nutrition
What do I do with leftover wine? What apples are best for pie? How long can I keep my turkey leftovers? Let our experts help you this holiday season!

Science is at the heart of the many foods and beverages enjoyed during the holidays. From food safety to ingredients and best practices, CALS experts play a vital role in keeping people healthy and informed during this treasured time of year.

Thank you for checking out our holiday handbook for tips and tricks to help you ace the holidays!

Try something new - berry superfruits

Four New York state native berry varieties – honeyberry, juneberry, aronia and elderberry – are vitamin-rich and high in fiber and antioxidants, but somewhere along the way, these fruits were deemed less commercially viable. Now, with climate change and invasive pests threatening those crops, and increased consumer interest in local and unique foods, a handful of entrepreneurial growers and researchers are trying to resurrect these superfruits in New York. Learn more about the berries below, including recipe ideas, or read more about them here.

Superfruits

Aronia

  • High in fiber, vitamin C, manganese and antioxidants
  • Tastes like tannic and bitter raw; unsweetened cranberry, cherry and red wine
  • Best eaten sweetened or combined with other fruits in juices, smoothies, jams and wine

Superfruits

Honeyberry

  • Over three times the antioxidants of strawberries and raspberries
  • Tastes like sweet-sour blueberry, blackberry and raspberry
  • Best eaten fresh or frozen and in pies and jams

Superfruits

Juneberry

  • Higher in protein, iron, calcium and fiber than blueberries
  • Tastes like dark cherry, blueberry, apple and almond
  • Best eaten fresh or frozen and in smoothies and pies

Superfruits

Elderberry

  • Rich in anthocyanins, which offer antioxidant and anti-inflammatory benefits
  • Tastes like tart and tangy blueberry and blackberry
  • Best eaten (elderberries must be cooked to safely consume) in pies, jams, syrups, wine and medicinal uses
A cluster of dark aronia berries on a branch surrounded by light green leaves.
Two hands hold ten dark blue honeyberries
A cluster of dark purple and red juneberries on a branch.
Elderberries and a glass of elderberry juice

Honeyberry sauce

  • ⅓ cup fresh honeyberries
  • 1 T honey
  • ⅛ t cinnamon

Combine all ingredients in a food processor and process until smooth. Use as a topping on pork/chicken, salad, sorbet, etc.

Recipe by Duane Smith

Elderberry pie

Preheat oven to 475 degrees F.

  • 3 cups elderberries
  • ¾ cup sugar
  • 1/8 tsp salt
  • 4 Ts flour
  • 3 Ts lemon juice (optional)

Spread elderberries in a graham cracker pie shell. Mix sugar and flour and sprinkle over berries. Sprinkle lemon juice over mix. Bake at 475 for 10 minutes then turn down oven to 450 for another 40 to 45 minutes.

Recipe by Dani Baker

Iroquois white corn & berry dessert

  • 1 cup boiled white corn
  • 2 Tbsp maple syrup (optional)
  • 1 cup sassafras tea
  • 12 ounces of frozen mixed berries, or fresh berries

Pour tea over boiled white corn and allow to soak for 15-20 minutes. Place mixed berries in a large bowl. Pour corn/tea mixture over berries, stirring two tablespoons of maple syrup (optional) in to sweeten. Let sit, or refrigerate until berries thaw.

*Iroquois white corn is available from the Seneca Iroquois National Museum or Gakwiyoh Farms, a Seneca Nation farm.

Recipe by Laticia McNaughton

Aronia pinwheel cookies

Preheat over to 375 degrees F.

  • 1 cup Aronia berries fresh or frozen
  • 1/4 cup packed brown sugar
  • 1 cup pecans
  • 1 cup butter softened
  • 3 cups flour
  • 1/2 tsp baking powder
  • 2 eggs
  • 1 1/2 cup granulated sugar
  • 1/2 teaspoon salt

Process together berries, pecans and brown sugar into a paste in a food processor and set aside. For the remaining ingredients: Beat softened butter for 30 seconds. Add sugar, baking powder and salt and beat until combined. Beat in eggs. Add flour (may have to work in by hand). Divide dough in half and refrigerate for 1 hour. When chilled, roll each half into a 10" square. Spread with filling and roll up. Chill rolls for at least 4 hours. Slice into 1/4" cookies; place on parchment paper to bake. Bake at 375 for 8-10 minutes. Edges should be firm and bottoms lightly browned.

Recipe by American Aronia Berry Association

German elderberry soup

  • 1 lb elderberries
  • 6 ¼ cups water
  • 1 cinnamon stick
  • 2 cloves
  • ½ lb apples (tart)
  • 2 Tbsp cornstarch
  • Sugar or other sweetener to taste
  • Juice from ½ lemon

Bring the elderberries and water to a boil. Simmer for about 30 minutes. Run through a strainer and discard the solids. Alternatively, you can use elderberry juice if you have it already made.

Core and peel apples, and slice into pieces. Add apples, cinnamon, cloves, lemon juice and sweetener and stew for just a few minutes. You don’t want the apples to fall apart. Mix the starch with a bit of cold water, stir into the soup, and boil for just a minute.

This soup is traditionally served with grit dumplings, but can also be served with thick cornmeal porridge or similar. Serve hot or cold, for breakfast, dessert, or lunch on a hot day.

Recipe by Anja Timm

Rhubarb & juneberry jam

  • 1 large navel orange, finely chopped
  • 3 1/2 cups diced rhubarb
  • 3 cups sugar
  • 4 1/2 cups juneberries
  • Juice of 1 lemon

Combine orange, rhubarb and sugar in a Dutch oven. Bring to boil, stirring constantly. Add juneberries and lemon juice. Boil, stirring frequently until thick, about 15 minutes. Pour into hot sterilized jars, leaving 1/4 inch headspace. Wipe jar rims thoroughly. Seal and process in boiling water bath for 10 minutes.

Recipe by Juneberry Farm

CALS food safety expert Abby Snyder elaborates upon the food safety advice above.

According to food safety expert Abby Snyder and the USDA FoodKeeper app, unless the turkey is frozen, it might be time to get rid of it.

"Leftover turkey will deteriorate in quality over time. In the freezer, microbial growth is stopped. So, turkey can be kept in the freezer essentially indefinitely even though other, slower, changes to quality, like freezer burn, can eventually render leftovers unacceptable to consumers. However, this is not a safety issue, the turkey is still safe to eat. The quality of turkey stored in the refrigerator will deteriorate much more quickly. While there isn’t an exact number of days that leftover turkey in either the freezer or refrigerator will last, it can be useful to have an estimate of how quickly you should plan to use it, so you don’t end up throwing food away and contributing to food waste. A good source for estimates about how quickly to consume food to maintain quality is the USDA FoodKeeper app. Their recommendations are to consume refrigerated cooked turkey within four days and frozen turkey leftovers within six months to ensure quality."

Is it safe to store them outside in a pinch? Official recommendations say storing food outside is a bad idea. But if you must, food safety expert Abby Snyder offers guidance on how to do so while minimizing food safety risks.

"Official recommendations are that you should NOT keep food cold by storing it outside in the winter because of temperature fluctuations and the ingress of pests or animals. If, nonetheless, you’re going to store food outside, you can minimize these risks by ensuring the temperature remains at or below 40F and food is stored out of direct sunlight and is kept in a garage or on an enclosed porch to avoid attracting animals."

Bring CALS wines home for the holidays!

photo of wines and the six CALS-bred grapes

These CALS-developed grapes can be found in many NYS wines. Head to your liquor store & ask for wines containing any of these grape varieties.

A wine bottle and glass
a wine decanter and a glass of wine
a bottle of wine being poured into a glass

CALS Apples 101

What makes our apple breeding program unique? Home to the oldest apple breeding program in the country, Cornell CALS experts have produced 69 apple varieties, including Empire, Ruby Frost and Jonagold. In addition to perfecting new varieties, our experts work tirelessly to support New York’s tree fruit industries by tackling apple pests and disease with research and practical solutions that help growers thrive. 

Browse these tabs to find the perfect apple for your recipe!

Apples for snacking

*indicates varieties developed at Cornell

Autumn Crisp*

Cortland*

Empire*

Envy

Firecracker*

Fuji

Gala

Ginger Gold

Gold Rush

Honeycrisp

Jazz

Macoun*

McIntosh

Rubyfrost*

Sansa

Snapdragon*

SweeTango

Zestar

Apples for salads

*indicates varieties developed at Cornell

Autumn Crisp*

Cortland*

Envy

Firecracker*

Fuji

Ginger Gold

Gold Rush

Honeycrisp

Jazz

Macoun*

McIntosh

Mutsu (Crispin)

Sansa

Snapdragon*

Apples for baking

For baking, mixing 2 local varieties is recommended to enhance flavors and textures

*indicates varieties developed at Cornell

Autumn Crisp*

Braeburn

Cortland*

Empire*

Firecracker*

Granny Smith

Gold Rush

Liberty*

Macoun

McIntosh

Mutsu (Crispin)

Northern Spy

Pink Lady

Rubyfrost*

Apples that freeze well

*indicates varieties developed at Cornell

Empire*

Mutsu (Crispin)

Northern Spy

Apples to store

Envy

Gold Rush

Jazz

A pumpkin illustration with a tin can
A pumpkin illustration with a jack-o-lantern
Squash