Response
Cornell University led research and extension efforts through the Smart Firegear project to improve firefighter health monitoring and protective equipment design. The research team developed a wearable, non-invasive monitoring system using commercially available sensors to measure heart rate, skin temperature, and near-skin ambient temperature. Researchers evaluated the system using a sweating thermal manikin under simulated firefighting conditions at 35°C and across varying activity levels designed to reflect firefighting tasks. The project team also conducted site visits to the New York State Academy of Fire Science and several fire departments to gather firefighter feedback on heat stress, moisture management, mobility, and tool accessibility. Based on these findings and a review of NFPA 1971 standards, the team proposed new firegear design concepts and shared recommendations with members of the International Association of Fire Fighters and through publication in Fire Engineering. The project further engaged 28 high school students in 4-H STEM career exploration programs during 2023 and 2024.
Results
Evaluation findings indicate that combined measures of skin temperature, heart rate, and near-skin ambient temperature can predict core body temperature using a long short-term memory regression model. If validated in operational settings, the monitoring system could support earlier detection of dangerous heat stress conditions among firefighters. Feedback from firefighters informed practical design improvements addressing comfort, mobility, and usability concerns, increasing the potential for adoption in the field. Youth participants also gained exposure to STEM applications connected to public safety, engineering, and wearable technology careers.
Public Value
By advancing wearable health monitoring and improving firegear design, Cornell University supports firefighter safety, reduces the risk of heat-related injury, and strengthens public protection services. Integrating research with STEM education also increases awareness of engineering solutions that protect first responders and the communities they serve.
