Birds
Birds have long fascinated humans. However, at times, birds come in conflict with our interests. These situations range from a nuisance (noise, droppings, etc.) to property damage and health risks. Most bird species are protected by federal and state regulations but there is still a lot you can do to rectify bird problems without special permits.
The three species that most frequently cause problems, rock pigeon, European starling, and house sparrow, are not protected. The NYS Department of Environmental Conservation includes three birds of concern on their nuisance wildlife page: Canada geese, gulls, and swans.
Should I Worry About Birds?
Nuisance Issues
Nuisance situations with birds vary widely and include:
- noise near roosts
- damage to siding or crops
- accumulations of fecal droppings on lawns, beaches, sidewalks, and other sites
- aggressive behavior by territorial birds.
Health Risks
Occasionally, interactions with birds can escalate to health risks (i.e. water pollution due to fecal matter; becoming distracted in a risky situation by a territorial bird). The health risks associated with birds are usually associated with the buildup of fecal matter containing pathogens such as histoplasmosis, salmonella, cryptococcosis, and toxoplasmosis.
Property Damage
Birds can also cause property damage such as corrosion of roofs due to fecal accumulations.
How Do I Manage Bird Issues?
There are a number of ways to manage issues with birds. Contact your state's wildlife agency before employing any management technique that is lethal to birds or involves handling birds, nests, or eggs.
Change the Habitat
Changing the conditions that attract birds may alleviate problems. Examples include deciding what, where, and when to plant agricultural crops, thinning the tree canopies used by roosting birds, and even painting buildings in “non-woody” colors to reduce the attraction to woodpeckers. Unfortunately, this might include discouraging bird feeding in certain locations.
Woodpeckers and Other Birds that Feed on Larvae
In the case of woodpeckers or other larvae-loving birds mistaking wooden siding for tree bark, it’s helpful to understand the life cycle of the carpenter bees that often attract them. Carpenter bees can be attracted to unpainted wood, including overhangs, fascia, window frames and sills, decks, wood siding, and even fences. Females create a ‘tunnel’ in the wood to lay eggs. Hatched larvae attract woodpeckers who peck holes in the wood looking for a meal.
To reduce this:
- Paint or stain wood.
- Block old holes with small pieces of dowel or wood-fill in very late fall or very early spring (the bee’s off-season.)
- Consult a pest management professional.
Preventing damage to house siding by woodpeckers - Cornell Lab of Ornithology
Keep the Birds Out
When applicable, excluding birds from specific problem sites is usually the best approach. A whole industry has developed around the development of tools and techniques for bird exclusion (keeping birds out). Available options include netting, spikes, post-and-wire systems, electrified systems, and grid or parallel wires. These ‘tools’ help keep birds off your roof, eaves, window sills and often are used to keep birds from outdoor dining.
Scare the Birds
As with exclusion, a wide range of products and techniques are available that seek to physically scare birds away from a site. Examples include simple devices such as balloons with large “predator eyes,” to more complex approaches using techniques such as heli-kites, pyrotechnics, or lasers. Another approach is to use trained animals (dogs, falcons) to harass birds. This has worked well with geese but habituation eventually reduces effectiveness.
Habituation
Habituation is a persistent issue with fear-provoking stimuli. Habituation occurs when birds no longer fear a technique that initially scared them, and happens because fear stimuli do no harm to the bird. Habituation cannot be eliminated, but may be delayed by incorporating movement within the technique and not leaving a harassment device at the same location over a lengthy period. Reinforcing the technique may also help. For example, occasionally harassing nuisance geese with a trained dog may increase the effectiveness of a coyote model when the dog is not present.
Chemical repellents
Commercially available repellents include polybutene products applied to locations such as building ledges, providing a long-lasting sticky surface meant to dissuade bird roosting. Taste repellent products (generally incorporating methyl anthranilate or anthraquinone) are applied to grass (for geese) or as an aerosol (fog) in roosts. Depending on your state and location site, the application of chemical repellents may need to be done by a certified pesticide applicator.
Trapping
Trapping is generally the best approach if lethal control is desired, and is best done by a hired wildlife control operator or pest management professional with the correct equipment. The impact of moving wild animals around (translocation) is usually undesirable biologically and legally. Trapping techniques range from devices meant to capture one bird at a time to organized drives capturing a whole flock. Captured birds should then be humanely euthanized.
Reproductive inhibition
In extreme cases, nuisance geese may be locally reduced by piercing or oiling eggs in the nests. This will require an annual, but easily attainable, federal permit.
Ovocontrol® is a product registered for use on pigeons, starlings, and blackbirds. Consult with your state’s wildlife and pesticide agencies on regulations.