Diana Reyes Gomez is a postdoctoral associate in the lab of Joseph McFadden at Cornell University. Her work focuses on innovative strategies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and enhance the efficiency of dairy cattle. In particular, she studies the potential of novel algae-based products for methane mitigation, nutrient utilization and improvement in milk quality.
We spoke with Diana about her latest research on the use of red seaweed to reduce methane emissions in cattle.
How does the cow digestion process produce methane?
The digestion process in cows involves a symbiotic relationship with microbes in the rumen, the largest chamber of their stomach. The microbes get a steady supply of food and a suitable living environment. In return, the cow benefits from the microbes not only as a major protein source through microbial protein synthesis but also in their ability to break down complex plant materials into simpler compounds.
This breakdown produces volatile fatty acids, which cows use as a primary energy source. However, carbon dioxide and methane are also produced as a byproduct. Methane is mainly released through belching.
Beyond the slowing of global warming, what other benefits will farmers see when they reduce enteric methane emissions?
For farmers, methane production means a loss of feed energy. Cutting these emissions can potentially improve feed efficiency, lower costs and boost productivity. Also, when they adopt practices that reduce methane, farmers can comply with the increasing regulation of greenhouse gas emissions and at the same time benefit from potential incentives. When they embrace sustainable practices, they can both lessen environmental impact and open new doors to market opportunities by catering to the growing consumer demand for sustainably produced food.