How far should parking spaces be from an intersection, driveway or crosswalk?

The guidance from the Vehicle and Traffic Law Section 1202 (2) is a good place to start. http://public.leginfo.state.ny.us/lawssrch.cgi?NVLWO:

§ 1202. Stopping, standing or parking prohibited in specified places.

  (a) Except when necessary to avoid conflict with other traffic, or when in compliance with law or the directions of a police officer or official traffic-control device, no person shall:

2.   Stand or park a vehicle, whether occupied or not, except momentarily to pick up or discharge a passenger or passengers:

    a. In front of a public or private driveway;
    b. Within twenty feet of a cross walk at an intersection, unless a   different distance is indicated by official signs, markings or parking   meters;
    c. Within thirty feet upon the approach to any flashing signal, stop or yield sign or traffic-control signal located at the side of the   roadway, unless a different distance is indicated by official signs, markings or parking meters;
    d.  Within twenty feet of the driveway entrance to any fire station and, when on the side of the street opposite to the entrance of any fire station, within seventy-five feet of said entrance, when properly signposted, unless a different distance is indicated by official signs, markings or parking meters.
    e. Alongside or obstructing a curb area which has been cut down, lowered or constructed so as to provide accessibility to the sidewalk.

Essentially, parking spaces should be located at least 30 feet from an intersection or 20 feet from a crosswalk unless you want to allow parking in areas like a business district in which case signs and markings are needed. Also, you would still want 3 or 4 feet of space from any crosswalk and at least 1 car length of space from an intersection. You may want to think about bulb outs for the crossings in locations where you are allowing parking near a crosswalk. It makes it safer for the pedestrians as it gives them a refuge point where they can see oncoming traffic.

Twenty feet from a private driveway should also be considered if space allows. At a private driveway a minimum adequate space should be allowed for user visibility, for turning in and out of the driveway, and to avoid parking encroachment that may reduce the access to the driveway. This may need to be identified by markings and/or signs to allow adequate driveway access.