What do squash beetles, cold hardiness genes and plastoglobule kinases have in common? All three are addressed by graduate student projects recently funded through the Schmittau-Novak Small Grants Program.
Supported by a bequest from the estate of Jean Schmittau in honor of Joseph Novak, professor emeritus of plant biology, the Schmittau-Novak Small Grants Program is designed to provide graduate students in the School of Integrative Plant Science (SIPS) with the opportunity to write and review proposals and implement a research plan of their own design.
Ten proposals were selected by a panel of senior SIPS graduate students for funding, with awards ranging from $4,385 to $9,000. The funded projects span diverse topics including the chemical ecology of plant-microbe interactions, the molecular basis of plant-insect interactions, the genetic control of plant stem cell development, the molecular biology of cold tolerance in grapevines, and the development of decision making tools to improve farm-to-market sales.
Mia Howard, whose project focuses on the influence of soil microbes on plant competition and defense, said it was empowering to obtain one’s own funding and the important role that small grants programs have played in her research career.
Faculty program director Dan Buckley added, “Another exciting aspect of this program is the ability to support projects that pair graduate and undergraduate students. These projects provide our undergrads with a world-class research experience while our grads get valuable mentoring experience. This is a fantastic program and I’m excited to see where our students will take it in the future.” The program is co-directed by Teresa Pawlowska.
Response and counter response: understanding genetic drivers of plant defenses in squash to herbivory by a beetle pest
- Lauren Brzozowski, a Ph.D. candidate in the SIPS Section of Plant Breeding and Genetics working with associate professor Michael Mazourek, is interested in using plant genomics and chemical ecology to develop insect resistant plant varieties to reduce on-farm chemical inputs. Lina Hernandez, a Ph.D. candidate in ecology and evolutionary biology with Anurag Agrawal, working on regional variation of oviposition traits in the weevil Rhyssomatus sp., a milkweed specialist. They will be investigating gene expression in Cucurbita pepo and its specialist pest, Acalymma vittatum, to identify the molecular mechanisms underlying host preference. Award amount: $4,976
The role of Xanthomonas vasicola pv. musacearum type III effectors in pathogenicity and virulence on banana
- Zoe Dubrow is a Ph.D. candidate in the SIPS Section of Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology. Working with professor Adam Bogdanove, she is studying the role of type III effector proteins in bacterial virulence and pathogenicity. She will be investigating how differences in the effector repertoires of bacterial pathogens Xanthomonas vasicola pv. musacearum and Xanthomonas vasicola pv. vasculorum contribute to differences in their host ranges. If individual effectors are found to play important roles in virulence, further work can focus on plant interaction targets. Award amount: $4,631
Plastoglobules: a chloroplast lipoprotein micro-component with specialized functions in isoprenoid metabolism
- Elena Michel is a Ph.D. candidate in the Section of Plant Biology with professor Klaas van Wijk, whose program is focused on the role of plastoglobules in plastid development and stress response. She will be investigating the roles of kinase proteins in plastoglobules by phenotyping kinase mutants, using cross-linking to find interacting proteins, and identifying proteins co-expressed with the kinases. Award amount: $4,480
Examining the importance of soil microbial community shifts in mediating plant competitive and defensive phenotypes during oldfield succession
- Mia Howard is a graduate student in the Section of Plant Biology studying the chemical ecology of plant-microbe-insect interactions in associate professor André Kessler’s lab. She is examining how plant competitive and defensive phenotypes change over 1-15 years following agricultural use. She will be conducting both field surveys and manipulative experiments, and using a combination of microbial community and plant metabolic profiling. The award will also fund a summer internship for an undergraduate research mentee. Award amount: $9,000
Developing innovative sensory strategies to aid NY farm-to-market growers
- Hannah Swegarden works in professor Phillip Griffiths’ vegetable improvement program at Cornell’s New York State Agricultural Experiment Station, where she investigates nutrition and consumer perception of quality traits in leafy brassica vegetables. Zoe Friedberg is an undergraduate major in international agriculture and rural development. Friedberg, under the advisement of Swegarden, will explore the influence of different “modes of interaction” between farmer-vendors and consumers sampling fresh produce at three NYC farmers markets. Through fresh produce sampling, they will evaluate means of eliciting sensory feedback from consumers for their efficiency and potential to guide farmers in making cultivar decisions. Award amount: $8,913
Proteomics to provide mechanistic insight into virus-host interactions for symptom development
- Larissa Osterbaan is pursuing a Ph.D. in plant pathology in the Fuchs program, using molecular biology and proteomics techniques to reveal mechanisms of symptom development for grapevine fanleaf virus. Preliminary work from this project has narrowed down the symptom determinant to a single amino acid in the viral encoded polymerase. This award will support co-immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry studies to identify proteins interacting with the polymerase. Award amount: $5,000
Transcriptional profiling of the shot apex in Zea mays using single-nuclei RNA-Seq
- Jack Satterlee is doing graduate studies in the Scanlon lab, using a combination of single-cell gene expression analysis and CRISPR/Cas9-enabled molecular lineage tracing to better understand development in maize. This award will support his efforts to develop and optimize a low-cost method for single-nuclei RNA-Seq in maize. This approach will allow for characterization of novel cell types and developmental states within the maize shoot apex as well as serve as a platform for use by others within the SIPS community and beyond. Award amount: $4,997
Partitioning transcriptome-wide variation and rootstock by scion interactions in reciprocal polyploid grafts
- Dustin Wilkerson is a Ph.D. candidate working with professor Larry Smart on mapping genetic resistance to willow leaf rust in the biomass energy crop shrub willow. Laura Dougherty is a Ph.D candidate working in associate professor Kenong Xu’s lab, focused on uncovering genes that control tree architecture and fruit quality in apple. Christopher Hernandez is a Ph.D. student working with associate professor Michael Mazourek and is interested in improving plants more efficiently using genomic data in tandem with conventional breeding methodology. The three co-PIs will explore the interactions between gene expression and phenotypes using 3’ RNA-seq to examine expression levels in the root and shoot tip of reciprocally grafted willow with diploid, tetraploid, and a triploid progeny in all possible graft combinations. Expression levels will be related to phenotypic measurements. This will aid in the understanding of heterosis in shrub willow and generally elucidate rootstock by scion interactions in woody perennials. Award amount: $6,000
The Old exonuclease and its potential role in biofilm regulation and DNA repair during infection of crucifers by Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris
- Chris Peritore-Galve is a Ph.D. student in the program of professor Chris Smart, studying two bacterial pathogens of vegetables with a focus on the role of the Old nuclease of Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris in regulation of biofilms. In collaboration with the Chappie lab in the Department of Molecular Medicine in the College of Veterinary Medicine, Peritore-Galve will be characterizing the function of the old nuclease during disease, and elucidating the roles of the domains that give the protein its nuclease activity. Award amount: $5,000
When cold isn’t enough: the effects of thermal amplitude on acclimation of grapevine buds
- Al Kovaleski is a Ph.D. candidate in the Section Horticulture, examining aspects of cold hardiness in grapevines. The objective of this project is to measure how temperature and temperature cycling affect acclimation in grapevines, with a goal of adapting existing prediction models for cold hardiness. Changes in gene expression in grapevine buds will also be evaluated to identify specific genes and enriched pathways related to cold hardiness. Award amount: $4,385
